txhais:
Nws yog cov khoom siv uas tsis yog xim hlau nrog lub refractoriness tsis tsawg tshaj 1580 degree, zoo tiv thaiv thermal shock thiab tshuaj yaig, tsis tshua muaj thermal conductivity thiab qis expansion coefficient. Refractory tsis kam yog hais txog qhov kub thiab txias hauv degrees Celsius ntawm tus qauv conical
Cov khoom siv refractory tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kev txiav txim siab kub yam tsis muaj softening thiab melting yam tsis muaj load. Cov ntaub ntawv refractory yog dav siv hauv metallurgy, tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam, roj av, tshuab tsim, silicate, fais fab thiab lwm yam kev lag luam. Lawv tau siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam metallurgical, suav txog 50%-60% ntawm tag nrho cov zis.
hom:
Muaj ntau ntau yam khoom siv refractory, uas feem ntau muab faib ua cov khoom siv refractory zoo tib yam (1580 ~ 1770 degree), cov khoom siv refractory siab heev (1770 ~ 2000 degree) thiab cov khoom tshwj xeeb qib refractory (siab tshaj 2000 degree) raws li lawv cov refractoriness; Raws li lawv cov khoom siv tshuaj, lawv tau muab faib ua cov khoom siv acidic refractory, cov ntaub ntawv nruab nrab refractory thiab cov ntaub ntawv nruab nrab qib refractory. Resistant refractory cov ntaub ntawv thiab alkaline refractory cov ntaub ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj cov khoom siv refractory rau lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb.
Khoom:
Acidic refractory cov ntaub ntawv muaj silicon oxide ua lub ntsiab tivthaiv, thiab silica bricks thiab av nplaum cib feem ntau yog siv. Silica bricks yog siliceous khoom uas muaj ntau tshaj 94% ntawm silicon oxide. Cov ntaub ntawv raw siv xws li silica, khib nyiab silica cib, thiab lwm yam. Lawv muaj zog tiv thaiv acidic slag yaig, siab softening kub nyob rau hauv load, thiab lawv ntim tsis ntsws los yog txawm nthuav me ntsis tom qab rov calcinations; Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau kev yaig los ntawm alkaline slag thiab tsis zoo thermal poob siab. Silica cib feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov khoom siv thermal xws li coke ncu, iav melting rauv, thiab acid steelmaking furnaces. Av nplaum cib yog ua los ntawm cov av nplaum refractory ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb thiab muaj 30% mus rau 46% alumina. Lawv yog cov tsis muaj zog acidic refractory cov ntaub ntawv nrog zoo thermal poob siab thiab corrosion kuj rau acidic slag thiab yog dav siv.
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo yog tsim los ntawm txhuas oxide, chromium oxide lossis carbon. Corundum cov khoom uas muaj ntau tshaj li 95% alumina yog cov khoom zoo refractory nrog ntau yam kev siv. Chromium bricks nrog chromium oxide yog lub ntsiab tivthaiv muaj corrosion kuj zoo rau steel slag, tab sis muaj tsis zoo thermal shock kuj thiab tsis tshua muaj deformation kub nyob rau hauv high-kub load. Carbonaceous refractory cov ntaub ntawv muaj xws li carbon bricks, graphite khoom thiab silicon carbide khoom. Lawv muaj cov thermal expansion coefficient tsawg, siab thermal conductivity, zoo thermal poob siab tsis kam, siab kub lub zog, thiab tsis kam mus rau acid, alkali thiab ntsev yaig, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsis muaj zog acids thiab alkali. Zoo kuj, tsis wetted los ntawm hlau thiab slag, lub teeb yuag. Nws yog dav siv los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kub kub thiab tseem siv los ua autoclave hauv ob sab phlu hauv roj av thiab tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam.
Alkaline refractory cov ntaub ntawv muaj magnesium oxide thiab calcium oxide ua lub ntsiab Cheebtsam, thiab magnesia bricks feem ntau siv. Magnesia cib uas muaj ntau tshaj 80% mus rau 85% magnesium oxide muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau alkaline slag thiab hlau slag, thiab muaj refractoriness ntau dua li cov av nplaum cib thiab silica cib. Feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv qhib hearth furnaces, oxygen-blown converters, hluav taws xob furnaces, non-ferrous hlau smelting khoom thiab ib co high-temperature khoom. Cov khoom siv refractory siv nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb suav nrog cov khoom siv kub kub, xws li alumina, lanthanum oxide, beryllium oxide, calcium oxide, zirconium oxide, thiab lwm yam, thiab cov khoom siv refractory xws li carbides, nitrides, borides, silicides thiab sulfides. lwm .; Cov ntaub ntawv kub-kub sib xyaw feem ntau suav nrog cermets, high-temperature inorganic coatings thiab fiber-reinforced ceramics.
Common refractory khoom:
Feem ntau siv cov ntaub ntawv refractory muaj xws li AZS cib, corundum cib, ncaj qha sib txuas magnesia chromium cib, silicon carbide cib, silicon nitride bonded silicon carbide cib, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsis-oxide refractory xws li nitrides, silicides, sulfides, borides, thiab carbides. Calcium oxide, chromium oxide, txhuas oxide, magnesium oxide, beryllium oxide thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv refractory. Feem ntau siv cov khoom siv insulating refractory muaj xws li cov khoom siv diatomite, cov khoom siv asbestos, rwb thaiv tsev boards, thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau siv cov khoom siv tsis zoo xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv refractory, cov av nkos refractory, cov ntaub ntawv refractory phom, cov ntaub ntawv refractory. , lub teeb yuag refractory castables, thiab lwm yam.
Acid refractory khoom
Silica cib thiab av nplaum cib yog siv ntau dua. Silica bricks yog siliceous khoom uas muaj ntau tshaj 93% SiO2. Cov khoom siv raw siv xws li silica, khib nyiab silica cib, thiab lwm yam. Silica cib muaj zog tiv taus acidic slag yaig, tab sis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau alkaline slag yaig. Nws load softening kub yog siab heev, ze rau nws refractoriness. Tom qab rov calcinations, nws ntim tsis ntsws los sis txawm nthuav me ntsis, tab sis nws thermal shock kuj tsis zoo. Silica cib feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov khoom siv thermal xws li coke ncu, iav melting rauv, thiab acid steelmaking furnaces. Av nplaum cib muaj 30% ~ 46% alumina. Lawv siv cov av nplaum refractory ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb. Lawv muaj cov degree refractory ntawm 1580 ~ 1770 degree thiab zoo thermal poob siab. Lawv yog cov tsis muaj zog acidic refractory cov ntaub ntawv uas tiv taus acidic slag thiab muaj ntau yam kev siv. Tam sim no nws yog cov khoom tsim ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv refractory.
Neutral refractory khoom
Lub ntsiab siv lead ua theem nyob rau hauv high-aluminium cov khoom yog mullite thiab corundum. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm corundum nce nrog nce hauv cov ntsiab lus alumina. Corundum cov khoom uas muaj ntau tshaj li 95% alumina yog cov khoom zoo refractory nrog ntau yam kev siv. Chrome bricks feem ntau yog ua los ntawm chromium ore, thiab lub ntsiab siv lead ua theem yog chromite. Nws muaj qhov zoo corrosion kuj rau steel slag, tab sis tsis zoo thermal poob siab kuj thiab tsis tshua muaj deformation kub nyob rau hauv high kub load. Chrome-magnesia bricks ua los ntawm chromium ore thiab magnesia nyob rau hauv sib txawv proportions muaj zoo thermal poob siab kuj thiab yog tsuas yog siv raws li alkaline qhib hearth ru tsev cib.
Cov khoom siv carbonaceous yog lwm yam khoom siv nruab nrab refractory. Raws li cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm carbonaceous raw cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntxhia hauv cov khoom, lawv muab faib ua peb pawg: carbon bricks, graphite khoom thiab silicon carbide khoom. Cov pa roj carbon cib yog ua los ntawm cov qib siab roj av coke ua raw khoom, nrog tar thiab asphalt ua binders, thiab raug rho tawm haujlwm ntawm 1300 degree hauv huab cua cais tawm. Graphite khoom (tshwj tsis yog ntuj graphite) yog ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv carbonaceous los ntawm kev kho graphitization ntawm 2500 ~ 2800 degree hauv lub cub hluav taws xob. Silicon carbide cov khoom siv silicon carbide ua raw khoom, ntxiv av nplaum, silicon oxide thiab lwm yam binders thiab raug rho tawm haujlwm ntawm 1350 ~ 1400 degree. Silicon carbide thiab silicon hmoov kuj tuaj yeem muab ntxiv los ua silicon nitride-silicon carbide cov khoom lag luam hauv lub cub hluav taws xob hauv qab cua nitrogen. Cov khoom siv carbon muaj cov thermal expansion coefficient, siab thermal conductivity, zoo thermal poob siab tsis kam, thiab siab kub zog. Nws tsis soften tom qab siv lub sij hawm ntev ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tsis corroded los ntawm tej acid los yog alkali, muaj ntsev zoo, tsis wetted los ntawm hlau thiab slag, yog ib tug sib sib zog nqus, thiab yog ib tug high-quality high-temperature resistant khoom. Qhov tsis zoo yog tias nws yooj yim oxidized ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob siv rau hauv qhov chaw oxidizing. Carbonaceous khoom yog dav siv nyob rau hauv high-temperature furnace linings (kub hauv qab, hearth, qis ib feem ntawm lub cub tawg lub cev, thiab lwm yam) thiab linings ntawm non-ferrous hlau smelting furnaces. Cov khoom siv graphite tuaj yeem siv los ua cov ntaub qhwv rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tank thiab petrochemical autoclaves. Silicon carbide thiab graphite khoom kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau hauv cov khoom siv rau smelting tooj liab, kub thiab lub teeb alloys.
Alkaline refractory khoom
Sawv cev los ntawm cov khoom siv magnesium. Nws muaj ntau tshaj 80% mus rau 85% magnesium oxide, nrog periclase ua lub ntsiab siv lead ua theem. Lub ntsiab raw khoom rau zus tau tej cov magnesia bricks yog magnesite, seawater magnesia (uas yog tau los ntawm calcining magnesium hydroxide muab rho tawm los ntawm seawater nyob rau hauv high kub), thiab lwm yam. Nws muaj zoo alkaline slag thiab hlau slag. Lub melting point ntawm ntshiab magnesium oxide yog siab li 2800 degree. Yog li ntawd, qhov refractoriness ntawm magnesia cib yog siab dua li cov av nplaum cib thiab silica cib. Txij li thaum nruab nrab -1950s, vim yog siv cov pa oxygen-blown converters rau steelmaking thiab siv cov alkaline qhib-hearth rauv saum toj, zus tau tej cov alkaline refractories tau maj nce, thaum zus tau tej cov av nplaum cib thiab silica cib. tau txo. Alkaline refractory cov ntaub ntawv yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv qhib hearth furnaces, oxygen-blown converters, hluav taws xob furnaces, non-ferrous hlau smelting thiab ib co high-temperature thermal khoom.
Cov khoom siv oxide xws li aluminium oxide, lanthanum oxide, beryllium oxide, calcium oxide, zirconium oxide, uranium oxide, magnesium oxide, cerium oxide thiab thorium oxide muaj cov ntsiab lus melting ntawm 2050 thiab 3050 degree.
Cov khoom siv refractory xws li carbides (silicon carbide, titanium carbide, tantalum carbide, thiab lwm yam) nitrides (boron nitride, silicon nitride, thiab lwm yam) borides (zirconium boride, titanium boride, hafnium boride, thiab lwm yam) silicides (di Molybdenum). thiab lwm yam) thiab sulfides (thorium sulfide, cerium sulfide, thiab lwm yam). Lawv cov ntsiab lus melting yog 2000 ~ 3887 degree, thiab feem ntau refractory ntawm lawv yog carbide.
High-temperature composite cov ntaub ntawv xws li cermets, high-temperature inorganic coatings thiab fiber-reinforced ceramics.
daim ntawv thov:
Feem ntau siv cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb muaj xws li AZS cib, corundum cib, direct bonded magnesia chromium cib, silicon carbide cib, silicon nitride bonded silicon carbide cib, nitrides, silicides, sulfides, borides, carbides thiab lwm yam uas tsis yog-oxide refractory ntaub ntawv; Calcium oxide. , aluminium oxide, magnesium oxide, beryllium oxide thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv refractory. Feem ntau siv cov khoom siv insulating refractory muaj xws li cov khoom siv diatomite, cov khoom siv asbestos, rwb thaiv tsev boards, thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau siv cov khoom siv tsis zoo xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv refractory, cov av nkos refractory, cov ntaub ntawv refractory phom, cov ntaub ntawv refractory. , lub teeb yuag refractory castables, phom av nkos, thiab lwm yam.
kev ua haujlwm:
Cov khoom siv lub cev ntawm cov khoom siv refractory muaj xws li cov khoom siv, cov khoom siv thermal, cov khoom siv kho tshuab, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv refractory muaj xws li porosity, ntim ntom, dej nqus, huab cua permeability, pore loj faib, thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom siv thermal ntawm cov ntaub ntawv refractory muaj xws li thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient, tshwj xeeb tshav kub, tshav kub muaj peev xwm, thermal conductivity coefficient, thermal emissivity. Cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom siv refractory muaj xws li compressive zog, tensile lub zog, flexural zog, torsional lub zog, shear lub zog, cuam tshuam lub zog, hnav tsis kam, creep khoom, bonding zog, elastic modulus, thiab lwm yam. load softening kub, reburning kab hloov, thermal shock kuj, slag kuj, acid kuj, alkali tsis kam, hydration kuj, CO yaig kuj, conductivity, thiab oxidation kuj. tos.
